{"id":57493,"date":"2017-01-09T17:22:47","date_gmt":"2017-01-09T19:22:47","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/memoriarocinha.com.br\/linha-do-tempo\/"},"modified":"2017-03-14T23:22:39","modified_gmt":"2017-03-15T02:22:39","slug":"linha-do-tempo","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/memoriarocinha.com.br\/en\/linha-do-tempo\/","title":{"rendered":"Timeline"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wpb-content-wrapper\"><p>[vc_row row_height_percent=&#8221;0&#8243; override_padding=&#8221;yes&#8221; h_padding=&#8221;2&#8243; top_padding=&#8221;3&#8243; bottom_padding=&#8221;1&#8243; overlay_alpha=&#8221;50&#8243; gutter_size=&#8221;3&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243;][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243;]<div class=\"jstime timeline_preloader\" style=\"opacity:0;width:35px;margin:auto;margin-top:30px;\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"box-shadow:none;\" alt=\"timeline_pre_loader\" src=\"https:\/\/memoriarocinha.com.br\/wp-content\/plugins\/Ultimate_VC_Addons\/modules\/..\/assets\/img\/timeline_pre-loader.gif\" \/><\/div><div class=\"smile-icon-timeline-wrap jstime   \"  data-time_sep_bg_color=\"#fd6602\" data-time_block_bg_color=\"#eaeaea\" data-time_sep_color=\"#9b9b9b\" style=\"opacity:0; \"><div class=\"timeline-line \" style=\"border-right-style:solid;border-right-color:#eaeaea;\"><span><\/span><\/div><div class=\"timeline-wrapper\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"timeline-seperator-7456\" class=\"timeline-separator-text \" data-sep-col=\"#ffffff\" data-sep-bg-col=\"\"><span class=\"sep-text ult-responsive\"  data-ultimate-target='#timeline-seperator-7456 .sep-text'  data-responsive-json-new='{\"font-size\":\"desktop:30px;\",\"line-height\":\"desktop:28px;\"}'  style=\"color:#ffffff;border-style:solid;border-color:#fd6602;border-width:3px;border-radius:0px;font-family:&#039;Roboto&#039;;font-weight:500;\">2010 - Today<\/span><\/div><div class=\"timeline-wrapper \"><\/div><div class=\"timeline-feature-item feat-item feat-top \"><div class=\"feat-dot feat-top\"><div class=\"timeline-dot\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"ult-timeline-arrow feat-top\"><s><\/s><l><\/l><\/div><div class=\"timeline-icon-block\"><div class=\"ult-timeline-icon tl-icon-no-bg\" style=\"   \"><\/div> <!-- icon --><\/div><div class=\"timeline-header-block\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-header\" id=\"timeline-featured-9510\"  style=\"\"><h3 class=\"ult-timeline-title ult-responsive\"   data-ultimate-target='#timeline-featured-9510 .ult-timeline-title'  data-responsive-json-new='{\"font-size\":\"desktop:30px;\",\"line-height\":\"desktop:28px;\"}'  style=\"font-family:&#039;Roboto&#039;;font-weight:500;color:#fd6602;\">Today and looking forward\u2026<\/h3><div class=\"ult-responsive custom-lht\"  data-ultimate-target='#timeline-featured-9510 .custom-lht'  data-responsive-json-new='{\"font-size\":\"desktop:16px;\",\"line-height\":\"desktop:28px;\"}'  style=\"font-family:&#039;Roboto&#039;;font-weight:300;color:#000000;\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/memoriarocinha.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/2017-de-hoje-em-diante-2.jpg\" width=\"1080\" height=\"350\" \/><em>(Inside Rocinha Favela, 2010. Via <a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:1_rocinha_favela_closeup.JPG\"><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">Wikimedia Commons<\/span><\/a>)<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">The population of Rocinha is uncertain. According to the Pereira Passos Institute, in 2010 Rocinha had a population of 69,156 inhabitants. However, some community agents estimate the favela\u2019s population to be close to 100,000. The subregions of Rua Dois, Barcelos and Rua Quatro have the highest population density, containing approximately 30% of Rocinha\u2019s residents.<br \/>\nThe favela\u2019s inhabitants continue to struggle for structural improvements, including leisure spaces, light and water installations, waste treatment, transportation systems, public safety, and, principally, basic sanitation.<\/p>\n<p><\/div><\/div> <!-- header --><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-wrapper \"><div class=\"timeline-block \"><div class=\"timeline-dot\"><\/div><div class=\"ult-timeline-arrow\"><s><\/s><l><\/l><\/div><div class=\"timeline-icon-block\"><div class=\"ult-timeline-icon tl-icon-no-bg\" style=\"   \"><\/div> <!-- icon --><\/div><div class=\"timeline-header-block\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"timeline-item-3413\" class=\"timeline-header\" style=\"\"><h3 class=\"ult-timeline-title ult-responsive\"  data-ultimate-target='#timeline-item-3413 .ult-timeline-title'  data-responsive-json-new='{\"font-size\":\"desktop:30px;\",\"line-height\":\"desktop:28px;\"}'  style=\"font-family:&#039;Roboto&#039;;font-weight:500;color:#fd6602;\">2013 \/\/ Where\u2019s Amarildo?<\/h3><div class=\"ult-responsive timeline-item-spt\"  data-ultimate-target='#timeline-item-3413 .timeline-item-spt'  data-responsive-json-new='{\"font-size\":\"desktop:16px;\",\"line-height\":\"desktop:28px;\"}'  style=\"font-family:&#039;Roboto&#039;;font-weight:300;color:#000000;\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-55614 size-full aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/memoriarocinha.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/amarildo.jpg\" width=\"474\" height=\"271\" srcset=\"https:\/\/memoriarocinha.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/amarildo.jpg 474w, https:\/\/memoriarocinha.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/amarildo-300x172.jpg 300w, https:\/\/memoriarocinha.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/amarildo-31x18.jpg 31w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 474px) 100vw, 474px\" \/><em>(Cad\u00ea Amarildo? Protesto na Rocinha,<br \/>\nAug\/2013 by Fernando Fraz\u00e3o, via <span style=\"color: #ff6600;\"><a style=\"color: #ff6600;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/brasildefato\/9422569515\" target=\"blank_\">Brasil de Fato<\/a><\/span>)<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">The resident Amarildo Dias de Souza, age 47, disappears after being detained by military police and taken to the UPP headquarters. The case becomes a symbol of abuse of power and police violence.<\/p>\n<p><\/div><\/div> <!-- header --><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-block \"><div class=\"timeline-dot\"><\/div><div class=\"ult-timeline-arrow\"><s><\/s><l><\/l><\/div><div class=\"timeline-icon-block\"><div class=\"ult-timeline-icon tl-icon-no-bg\" style=\"   \"><\/div> <!-- icon --><\/div><div class=\"timeline-header-block\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"timeline-item-3585\" class=\"timeline-header\" style=\"\"><h3 class=\"ult-timeline-title ult-responsive\"  data-ultimate-target='#timeline-item-3585 .ult-timeline-title'  data-responsive-json-new='{\"font-size\":\"desktop:30px;\",\"line-height\":\"desktop:28px;\"}'  style=\"font-family:&#039;Roboto&#039;;font-weight:500;color:#fd6602;\">2012 \/\/ UPP and PAC<\/h3><div class=\"ult-responsive timeline-item-spt\"  data-ultimate-target='#timeline-item-3585 .timeline-item-spt'  data-responsive-json-new='{\"font-size\":\"desktop:16px;\",\"line-height\":\"desktop:28px;\"}'  style=\"font-family:&#039;Roboto&#039;;font-weight:300;color:#000000;\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">The UPP is installed with 700 military police officers, an administrative headquarters, eight bases and about 80 surveillance cameras. The Acceleration and Growth Program (PAC) also installs projects in the favela, among them the Passarela da Rocinha (a footbridge designed by Oscar Niemeyer), the Parque Ecol\u00f3gico (Ecological Park), and the Biblioteca Parque (Park Library).<\/p>\n<p><\/div><\/div> <!-- header --><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-block \"><div class=\"timeline-dot\"><\/div><div class=\"ult-timeline-arrow\"><s><\/s><l><\/l><\/div><div class=\"timeline-icon-block\"><div class=\"ult-timeline-icon tl-icon-no-bg\" style=\"   \"><\/div> <!-- icon --><\/div><div class=\"timeline-header-block\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"timeline-item-9328\" class=\"timeline-header\" style=\"\"><h3 class=\"ult-timeline-title ult-responsive\"  data-ultimate-target='#timeline-item-9328 .ult-timeline-title'  data-responsive-json-new='{\"font-size\":\"desktop:30px;\",\"line-height\":\"desktop:28px;\"}'  style=\"font-family:&#039;Roboto&#039;;font-weight:500;color:#fd6602;\">2011 \/\/ Police occupation<\/h3><div class=\"ult-responsive timeline-item-spt\"  data-ultimate-target='#timeline-item-9328 .timeline-item-spt'  data-responsive-json-new='{\"font-size\":\"desktop:16px;\",\"line-height\":\"desktop:28px;\"}'  style=\"font-family:&#039;Roboto&#039;;font-weight:300;color:#000000;\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-56126 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/memoriarocinha.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/2011-ocupa\u00e7\u00e3o-policial-1.jpg\" width=\"851\" height=\"566\" srcset=\"https:\/\/memoriarocinha.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/2011-ocupa\u00e7\u00e3o-policial-1.jpg 851w, https:\/\/memoriarocinha.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/2011-ocupa\u00e7\u00e3o-policial-1-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/memoriarocinha.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/2011-ocupa\u00e7\u00e3o-policial-1-768x511.jpg 768w, https:\/\/memoriarocinha.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/2011-ocupa\u00e7\u00e3o-policial-1-31x21.jpg 31w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 851px) 100vw, 851px\" \/><em>(Photo by T\u00e2nia Rego\/ABr, via <a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Rocinha_depois_de_tiroteio_3.jpg\"><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">Wikimedia Commons<\/span><\/a>)<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Police forces occupy Rocinha with the installation of the Pacifying Police Unit (UPP), a public safety policy targeted at areas controlled by drug traffickers.<\/div><\/div> <!-- header --><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-block \"><div class=\"timeline-dot\"><\/div><div class=\"ult-timeline-arrow\"><s><\/s><l><\/l><\/div><div class=\"timeline-icon-block\"><div class=\"ult-timeline-icon tl-icon-no-bg\" style=\"   \"><\/div> <!-- icon --><\/div><div class=\"timeline-header-block\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"timeline-item-8816\" class=\"timeline-header\" style=\"\"><h3 class=\"ult-timeline-title ult-responsive\"  data-ultimate-target='#timeline-item-8816 .ult-timeline-title'  data-responsive-json-new='{\"font-size\":\"desktop:30px;\",\"line-height\":\"desktop:28px;\"}'  style=\"font-family:&#039;Roboto&#039;;font-weight:500;color:#fd6602;\">2010 \/\/ Largest in Brazil<\/h3><div class=\"ult-responsive timeline-item-spt\"  data-ultimate-target='#timeline-item-8816 .timeline-item-spt'  data-responsive-json-new='{\"font-size\":\"desktop:16px;\",\"line-height\":\"desktop:28px;\"}'  style=\"font-family:&#039;Roboto&#039;;font-weight:300;color:#000000;\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">The IBGE census names Rocinha the largest favela in Brazil. Its population is greater than that of 70% of Brazilian cities.<\/p>\n<p><\/div><\/div> <!-- header --><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"timeline-seperator-4916\" class=\"timeline-separator-text \" data-sep-col=\"#ffffff\" data-sep-bg-col=\"\"><span class=\"sep-text ult-responsive\"  data-ultimate-target='#timeline-seperator-4916 .sep-text'  data-responsive-json-new='{\"font-size\":\"desktop:30px;\",\"line-height\":\"desktop:28px;\"}'  style=\"color:#ffffff;border-style:solid;border-color:#fd6602;border-width:3px;border-radius:0px;font-family:&#039;Roboto&#039;;font-weight:500;\">2000 - 2010<\/span><\/div><div class=\"timeline-wrapper \"><div class=\"timeline-block \"><div class=\"timeline-dot\"><\/div><div class=\"ult-timeline-arrow\"><s><\/s><l><\/l><\/div><div class=\"timeline-icon-block\"><div class=\"ult-timeline-icon tl-icon-no-bg\" style=\"   \"><\/div> <!-- icon --><\/div><div class=\"timeline-header-block\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"timeline-item-7120\" class=\"timeline-header\" style=\"\"><h3 class=\"ult-timeline-title ult-responsive\"  data-ultimate-target='#timeline-item-7120 .ult-timeline-title'  data-responsive-json-new='{\"font-size\":\"desktop:30px;\",\"line-height\":\"desktop:28px;\"}'  style=\"font-family:&#039;Roboto&#039;;font-weight:500;color:#fd6602;\">2008 \/\/ Right to memory<\/h3><div class=\"ult-responsive timeline-item-spt\"  data-ultimate-target='#timeline-item-7120 .timeline-item-spt'  data-responsive-json-new='{\"font-size\":\"desktop:16px;\",\"line-height\":\"desktop:28px;\"}'  style=\"font-family:&#039;Roboto&#039;;font-weight:300;color:#000000;\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">The group Pr\u00f3-Museu, dedicated to preserving residents\u2019 memories and stories of the region, consolidates various organizations into the Museu Sankofa Mem\u00f3ria e Hist\u00f3ria da Rocinha (the Sankofa Museum of the Memory and History of Rocinha).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/div><\/div> <!-- header --><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-block \"><div class=\"timeline-dot\"><\/div><div class=\"ult-timeline-arrow\"><s><\/s><l><\/l><\/div><div class=\"timeline-icon-block\"><div class=\"ult-timeline-icon tl-icon-no-bg\" style=\"   \"><\/div> <!-- icon --><\/div><div class=\"timeline-header-block\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"timeline-item-6029\" class=\"timeline-header\" style=\"\"><h3 class=\"ult-timeline-title ult-responsive\"  data-ultimate-target='#timeline-item-6029 .ult-timeline-title'  data-responsive-json-new='{\"font-size\":\"desktop:30px;\",\"line-height\":\"desktop:28px;\"}'  style=\"font-family:&#039;Roboto&#039;;font-weight:500;color:#fd6602;\">2007 \/\/ Cultural heritage<\/h3><div class=\"ult-responsive timeline-item-spt\"  data-ultimate-target='#timeline-item-6029 .timeline-item-spt'  data-responsive-json-new='{\"font-size\":\"desktop:16px;\",\"line-height\":\"desktop:28px;\"}'  style=\"font-family:&#039;Roboto&#039;;font-weight:300;color:#000000;\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">The First Cultural Forum of Rocinha engages residents about sociocultural issues. The objective is to highlight and preserve the memories, stories, and cultural heritage of the favela\u2019s residents.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/div><\/div> <!-- header --><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-block \"><div class=\"timeline-dot\"><\/div><div class=\"ult-timeline-arrow\"><s><\/s><l><\/l><\/div><div class=\"timeline-icon-block\"><div class=\"ult-timeline-icon tl-icon-no-bg\" style=\"   \"><\/div> <!-- icon --><\/div><div class=\"timeline-header-block\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"timeline-item-6994\" class=\"timeline-header\" style=\"\"><h3 class=\"ult-timeline-title ult-responsive\"  data-ultimate-target='#timeline-item-6994 .ult-timeline-title'  data-responsive-json-new='{\"font-size\":\"desktop:30px;\",\"line-height\":\"desktop:28px;\"}'  style=\"font-family:&#039;Roboto&#039;;font-weight:500;color:#fd6602;\">2003 \/\/ Thinking about favelas<\/h3><div class=\"ult-responsive timeline-item-spt\"  data-ultimate-target='#timeline-item-6994 .timeline-item-spt'  data-responsive-json-new='{\"font-size\":\"desktop:16px;\",\"line-height\":\"desktop:28px;\"}'  style=\"font-family:&#039;Roboto&#039;;font-weight:300;color:#000000;\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">The book <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">Thinking About the Favelas of Rio de Janeiro: 1906-2000<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">, by Licia do Prado Valladares and Lidia Medeiros, is released. In the book, the authors find that Rocinha is Rio\u2019s most-researched favela over the course of the 20th century.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/div><\/div> <!-- header --><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-block \"><div class=\"timeline-dot\"><\/div><div class=\"ult-timeline-arrow\"><s><\/s><l><\/l><\/div><div class=\"timeline-icon-block\"><div class=\"ult-timeline-icon tl-icon-no-bg\" style=\"   \"><\/div> <!-- icon --><\/div><div class=\"timeline-header-block\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"timeline-item-6130\" class=\"timeline-header\" style=\"\"><h3 class=\"ult-timeline-title ult-responsive\"  data-ultimate-target='#timeline-item-6130 .ult-timeline-title'  data-responsive-json-new='{\"font-size\":\"desktop:30px;\",\"line-height\":\"desktop:28px;\"}'  style=\"font-family:&#039;Roboto&#039;;font-weight:500;color:#fd6602;\">2003 \/\/ Ecological interests<\/h3><div class=\"ult-responsive timeline-item-spt\"  data-ultimate-target='#timeline-item-6130 .timeline-item-spt'  data-responsive-json-new='{\"font-size\":\"desktop:16px;\",\"line-height\":\"desktop:28px;\"}'  style=\"font-family:&#039;Roboto&#039;;font-weight:300;color:#000000;\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-56131 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/memoriarocinha.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/2003-interesse-ecologico.jpg\" width=\"1096\" height=\"728\" srcset=\"https:\/\/memoriarocinha.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/2003-interesse-ecologico.jpg 1096w, https:\/\/memoriarocinha.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/2003-interesse-ecologico-300x199.jpg 300w, https:\/\/memoriarocinha.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/2003-interesse-ecologico-768x510.jpg 768w, https:\/\/memoriarocinha.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/2003-interesse-ecologico-1024x680.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/memoriarocinha.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/2003-interesse-ecologico-31x21.jpg 31w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1096px) 100vw, 1096px\" \/><\/span><em>(Rocinha Road, via <a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Rocinha_road_2010.JPG\"><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">Wikimedia Commons<\/span><\/a>)<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">City Hall sets aside 82.21 hectares as an Area of Relevant Ecological Interest (ARIE). This area includes parts of S\u00e3o Conrado and Rocinha. The purpose of this action is to preserve local plant and animal life, restore the growth of native vegetation, and develop environmental education.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/div><\/div> <!-- header --><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-block \"><div class=\"timeline-dot\"><\/div><div class=\"ult-timeline-arrow\"><s><\/s><l><\/l><\/div><div class=\"timeline-icon-block\"><div class=\"ult-timeline-icon tl-icon-no-bg\" style=\"   \"><\/div> <!-- icon --><\/div><div class=\"timeline-header-block\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"timeline-item-4908\" class=\"timeline-header\" style=\"\"><h3 class=\"ult-timeline-title ult-responsive\"  data-ultimate-target='#timeline-item-4908 .ult-timeline-title'  data-responsive-json-new='{\"font-size\":\"desktop:30px;\",\"line-height\":\"desktop:28px;\"}'  style=\"font-family:&#039;Roboto&#039;;font-weight:500;color:#fd6602;\">2000 \/\/ Growing commerce<\/h3><div class=\"ult-responsive timeline-item-spt\"  data-ultimate-target='#timeline-item-4908 .timeline-item-spt'  data-responsive-json-new='{\"font-size\":\"desktop:16px;\",\"line-height\":\"desktop:28px;\"}'  style=\"font-family:&#039;Roboto&#039;;font-weight:300;color:#000000;\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-56141 size-full aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/memoriarocinha.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/camel\u00f3dromo-rocinha-e1484790618645.jpg\" width=\"659\" height=\"656\" srcset=\"https:\/\/memoriarocinha.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/camel\u00f3dromo-rocinha-e1484790618645.jpg 659w, https:\/\/memoriarocinha.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/camel\u00f3dromo-rocinha-e1484790618645-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/memoriarocinha.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/camel\u00f3dromo-rocinha-e1484790618645-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/memoriarocinha.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/camel\u00f3dromo-rocinha-e1484790618645-27x27.jpg 27w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 659px) 100vw, 659px\" \/><\/span><em>(Mercado Popular da Rocinha, photo by Vanessa Uliana)<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">Research by the Commercial and Industrial Association of the Neighborhood of Rocinha indicates the accelerated growth of local commerce, identifying more than 1,250 commercial points in the favela.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/div><\/div> <!-- header --><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"timeline-seperator-2981\" class=\"timeline-separator-text \" data-sep-col=\"#ffffff\" data-sep-bg-col=\"\"><span class=\"sep-text ult-responsive\"  data-ultimate-target='#timeline-seperator-2981 .sep-text'  data-responsive-json-new='{\"font-size\":\"desktop:30px;\",\"line-height\":\"desktop:28px;\"}'  style=\"color:#ffffff;border-style:solid;border-color:#fd6602;border-width:3px;border-radius:0px;font-family:&#039;Roboto&#039;;font-weight:500;\">The 60's, 70's, 80's and 90's<\/span><\/div><div class=\"timeline-wrapper \"><div class=\"timeline-block \"><div class=\"timeline-dot\"><\/div><div class=\"ult-timeline-arrow\"><s><\/s><l><\/l><\/div><div class=\"timeline-icon-block\"><div class=\"ult-timeline-icon tl-icon-no-bg\" style=\"   \"><\/div> <!-- icon --><\/div><div class=\"timeline-header-block\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"timeline-item-5807\" class=\"timeline-header\" style=\"\"><h3 class=\"ult-timeline-title ult-responsive\"  data-ultimate-target='#timeline-item-5807 .ult-timeline-title'  data-responsive-json-new='{\"font-size\":\"desktop:30px;\",\"line-height\":\"desktop:28px;\"}'  style=\"font-family:&#039;Roboto&#039;;font-weight:500;color:#fd6602;\">1990s \/\/ Traffic and gambling<\/h3><div class=\"ult-responsive timeline-item-spt\"  data-ultimate-target='#timeline-item-5807 .timeline-item-spt'  data-responsive-json-new='{\"font-size\":\"desktop:16px;\",\"line-height\":\"desktop:28px;\"}'  style=\"font-family:&#039;Roboto&#039;;font-weight:300;color:#000000;\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Drug trafficking and gambling intensify as membership in residents\u2019 associations falls.<\/p>\n<p><\/div><\/div> <!-- header --><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-block \"><div class=\"timeline-dot\"><\/div><div class=\"ult-timeline-arrow\"><s><\/s><l><\/l><\/div><div class=\"timeline-icon-block\"><div class=\"ult-timeline-icon tl-icon-no-bg\" style=\"   \"><\/div> <!-- icon --><\/div><div class=\"timeline-header-block\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"timeline-item-4771\" class=\"timeline-header\" style=\"\"><h3 class=\"ult-timeline-title ult-responsive\"  data-ultimate-target='#timeline-item-4771 .ult-timeline-title'  data-responsive-json-new='{\"font-size\":\"desktop:30px;\",\"line-height\":\"desktop:28px;\"}'  style=\"font-family:&#039;Roboto&#039;;font-weight:500;color:#fd6602;\">1995 \/\/ Containing steep hillsides<\/h3><div class=\"ult-responsive timeline-item-spt\"  data-ultimate-target='#timeline-item-4771 .timeline-item-spt'  data-responsive-json-new='{\"font-size\":\"desktop:16px;\",\"line-height\":\"desktop:28px;\"}'  style=\"font-family:&#039;Roboto&#039;;font-weight:300;color:#000000;\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">The Geotechnical Institute of the City of Rio de Janeiro (GEO-Rio) builds containment structures on Morro Dois Irm\u00e3os (Two Brothers Mountain) after detecting fractures in the rock that threaten Rocinha with rockslides and soil slippage.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/div><\/div> <!-- header --><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-block \"><div class=\"timeline-dot\"><\/div><div class=\"ult-timeline-arrow\"><s><\/s><l><\/l><\/div><div class=\"timeline-icon-block\"><div class=\"ult-timeline-icon tl-icon-no-bg\" style=\"   \"><\/div> <!-- icon --><\/div><div class=\"timeline-header-block\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"timeline-item-2397\" class=\"timeline-header\" style=\"\"><h3 class=\"ult-timeline-title ult-responsive\"  data-ultimate-target='#timeline-item-2397 .ult-timeline-title'  data-responsive-json-new='{\"font-size\":\"desktop:30px;\",\"line-height\":\"desktop:28px;\"}'  style=\"font-family:&#039;Roboto&#039;;font-weight:500;color:#fd6602;\">1993 \/\/ Rocinha becomes a bairro (neighborhood)<\/h3><div class=\"ult-responsive timeline-item-spt\"  data-ultimate-target='#timeline-item-2397 .timeline-item-spt'  data-responsive-json-new='{\"font-size\":\"desktop:16px;\",\"line-height\":\"desktop:28px;\"}'  style=\"font-family:&#039;Roboto&#039;;font-weight:300;color:#000000;\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">Rocinha is officially designated a bairro (neighborhood), but this new status does not bring with it projects to improve infrastructure or basic sanitation.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/div><\/div> <!-- header --><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-block \"><div class=\"timeline-dot\"><\/div><div class=\"ult-timeline-arrow\"><s><\/s><l><\/l><\/div><div class=\"timeline-icon-block\"><div class=\"ult-timeline-icon tl-icon-no-bg\" style=\"   \"><\/div> <!-- icon --><\/div><div class=\"timeline-header-block\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"timeline-item-7162\" class=\"timeline-header\" style=\"\"><h3 class=\"ult-timeline-title ult-responsive\"  data-ultimate-target='#timeline-item-7162 .ult-timeline-title'  data-responsive-json-new='{\"font-size\":\"desktop:30px;\",\"line-height\":\"desktop:28px;\"}'  style=\"font-family:&#039;Roboto&#039;;font-weight:500;color:#fd6602;\">1992 \/\/ Safari in the favela<\/h3><div class=\"ult-responsive timeline-item-spt\"  data-ultimate-target='#timeline-item-7162 .timeline-item-spt'  data-responsive-json-new='{\"font-size\":\"desktop:16px;\",\"line-height\":\"desktop:28px;\"}'  style=\"font-family:&#039;Roboto&#039;;font-weight:300;color:#000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">Tourism in Rocinha rises with the introduction of the favela tour, in which tourists ride through the favela in trucks similar to African safari vehicles.<\/span><\/div><\/div> <!-- header --><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-block \"><div class=\"timeline-dot\"><\/div><div class=\"ult-timeline-arrow\"><s><\/s><l><\/l><\/div><div class=\"timeline-icon-block\"><div class=\"ult-timeline-icon tl-icon-no-bg\" style=\"   \"><\/div> <!-- icon --><\/div><div class=\"timeline-header-block\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"timeline-item-1923\" class=\"timeline-header\" style=\"\"><h3 class=\"ult-timeline-title ult-responsive\"  data-ultimate-target='#timeline-item-1923 .ult-timeline-title'  data-responsive-json-new='{\"font-size\":\"desktop:30px;\",\"line-height\":\"desktop:28px;\"}'  style=\"font-family:&#039;Roboto&#039;;font-weight:500;color:#fd6602;\">1991 \/\/ Deforestation<\/h3><div class=\"ult-responsive timeline-item-spt\"  data-ultimate-target='#timeline-item-1923 .timeline-item-spt'  data-responsive-json-new='{\"font-size\":\"desktop:16px;\",\"line-height\":\"desktop:28px;\"}'  style=\"font-family:&#039;Roboto&#039;;font-weight:300;color:#000000;\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">Under pressure from real estate speculation and high rents, residents come to occupy 25,000 square meters neighboring the Tijuca Forest. Because of their proximity to the forest, the occupants call their area Vila Verde (Green Village).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/div><\/div> <!-- header --><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-block \"><div class=\"timeline-dot\"><\/div><div class=\"ult-timeline-arrow\"><s><\/s><l><\/l><\/div><div class=\"timeline-icon-block\"><div class=\"ult-timeline-icon tl-icon-no-bg\" style=\"   \"><\/div> <!-- icon --><\/div><div class=\"timeline-header-block\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"timeline-item-5772\" class=\"timeline-header\" style=\"\"><h3 class=\"ult-timeline-title ult-responsive\"  data-ultimate-target='#timeline-item-5772 .ult-timeline-title'  data-responsive-json-new='{\"font-size\":\"desktop:30px;\",\"line-height\":\"desktop:28px;\"}'  style=\"font-family:&#039;Roboto&#039;;font-weight:500;color:#fd6602;\">1989 \/\/ First bank<\/h3><div class=\"ult-responsive timeline-item-spt\"  data-ultimate-target='#timeline-item-5772 .timeline-item-spt'  data-responsive-json-new='{\"font-size\":\"desktop:16px;\",\"line-height\":\"desktop:28px;\"}'  style=\"font-family:&#039;Roboto&#039;;font-weight:300;color:#000000;\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">Rocinha receives its first bank branch, installed by the Bank of the State of Rio de Janeiro (Banerj). By 2016, there will be just three bank branches in the entire favela: Bradesco, Banco do Brasil, and Caixa Econ\u00f4mica.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/div><\/div> <!-- header --><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-block \"><div class=\"timeline-dot\"><\/div><div class=\"ult-timeline-arrow\"><s><\/s><l><\/l><\/div><div class=\"timeline-icon-block\"><div class=\"ult-timeline-icon tl-icon-no-bg\" style=\"   \"><\/div> <!-- icon --><\/div><div class=\"timeline-header-block\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"timeline-item-1606\" class=\"timeline-header\" style=\"\"><h3 class=\"ult-timeline-title ult-responsive\"  data-ultimate-target='#timeline-item-1606 .ult-timeline-title'  data-responsive-json-new='{\"font-size\":\"desktop:30px;\",\"line-height\":\"desktop:28px;\"}'  style=\"font-family:&#039;Roboto&#039;;font-weight:500;color:#fd6602;\">1982 \/\/ CEDAE water spigots<\/h3><div class=\"ult-responsive timeline-item-spt\"  data-ultimate-target='#timeline-item-1606 .timeline-item-spt'  data-responsive-json-new='{\"font-size\":\"desktop:16px;\",\"line-height\":\"desktop:28px;\"}'  style=\"font-family:&#039;Roboto&#039;;font-weight:300;color:#000000;\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">CEDAE (the state water company) installs 15 public water spigots throughout Rocinha in response to community demands. Residents, however, consider this action insufficient, and double down in their campaigns for basic sanitation.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/div><\/div> <!-- header --><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-feature-item feat-item  \"><div class=\"feat-dot \"><div class=\"timeline-dot\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"ult-timeline-arrow \"><s><\/s><l><\/l><\/div><div class=\"timeline-icon-block\"><div class=\"ult-timeline-icon tl-icon-no-bg\" style=\"   \"><\/div> <!-- icon --><\/div><div class=\"timeline-header-block\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-header\" id=\"timeline-featured-4792\"  style=\"\"><h3 class=\"ult-timeline-title ult-responsive\"   data-ultimate-target='#timeline-featured-4792 .ult-timeline-title'  data-responsive-json-new='{\"font-size\":\"desktop:30px;\",\"line-height\":\"desktop:28px;\"}'  style=\"font-family:&#039;Roboto&#039;;font-weight:500;color:#fd6602;\">1980 \/\/ Literacy<\/h3><div class=\"ult-responsive custom-lht\"  data-ultimate-target='#timeline-featured-4792 .custom-lht'  data-responsive-json-new='{\"font-size\":\"desktop:16px;\",\"line-height\":\"desktop:28px;\"}'  style=\"font-family:&#039;Roboto&#039;;font-weight:300;color:#000000;\"><iframe src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/RBAI0y3UaqY?rel=0\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Rocinha resident Francisca Elisa Medeiro Pirosi becomes an important figure in teaching literacy to children and teenagers who have failed out of traditional schools.<\/p>\n<p><\/div><\/div> <!-- header --><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-wrapper \"><div class=\"timeline-block \"><div class=\"timeline-dot\"><\/div><div class=\"ult-timeline-arrow\"><s><\/s><l><\/l><\/div><div class=\"timeline-icon-block\"><div class=\"ult-timeline-icon tl-icon-no-bg\" style=\"   \"><\/div> <!-- icon --><\/div><div class=\"timeline-header-block\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"timeline-item-7267\" class=\"timeline-header\" style=\"\"><h3 class=\"ult-timeline-title ult-responsive\"  data-ultimate-target='#timeline-item-7267 .ult-timeline-title'  data-responsive-json-new='{\"font-size\":\"desktop:30px;\",\"line-height\":\"desktop:28px;\"}'  style=\"font-family:&#039;Roboto&#039;;font-weight:500;color:#fd6602;\">1977 \/\/ Women in power<\/h3><div class=\"ult-responsive timeline-item-spt\"  data-ultimate-target='#timeline-item-7267 .timeline-item-spt'  data-responsive-json-new='{\"font-size\":\"desktop:16px;\",\"line-height\":\"desktop:28px;\"}'  style=\"font-family:&#039;Roboto&#039;;font-weight:300;color:#000000;\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">A group of women assumes leadership of the Pro-Improvement Union of Rocinha Residents. Women come to lead important local movements, including collective organizations advocating for the cleanup of Rocinha\u2019s open sewers and campaigns for the construction of a footbridge over the Lagoa-Barra highway. The footbridge will be completed in 1978.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/div><\/div> <!-- header --><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-block \"><div class=\"timeline-dot\"><\/div><div class=\"ult-timeline-arrow\"><s><\/s><l><\/l><\/div><div class=\"timeline-icon-block\"><div class=\"ult-timeline-icon tl-icon-no-bg\" style=\"   \"><\/div> <!-- icon --><\/div><div class=\"timeline-header-block\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"timeline-item-6062\" class=\"timeline-header\" style=\"\"><h3 class=\"ult-timeline-title ult-responsive\"  data-ultimate-target='#timeline-item-6062 .ult-timeline-title'  data-responsive-json-new='{\"font-size\":\"desktop:30px;\",\"line-height\":\"desktop:28px;\"}'  style=\"font-family:&#039;Roboto&#039;;font-weight:500;color:#fd6602;\">1971 \/\/ T\u00fanel Dois Irm\u00e3os (Two Brothers Tunnel)<\/h3><div class=\"ult-responsive timeline-item-spt\"  data-ultimate-target='#timeline-item-6062 .timeline-item-spt'  data-responsive-json-new='{\"font-size\":\"desktop:16px;\",\"line-height\":\"desktop:28px;\"}'  style=\"font-family:&#039;Roboto&#039;;font-weight:300;color:#000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">The tunnel linking G\u00e1vea to S\u00e3o Conrado through Morro Dois Irm\u00e3os (Two Brothers Mountain) is completed. The Lagoa-Barra highway will later facilitate the city\u2019s westward expansion.<\/span><\/div><\/div> <!-- header --><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-block \"><div class=\"timeline-dot\"><\/div><div class=\"ult-timeline-arrow\"><s><\/s><l><\/l><\/div><div class=\"timeline-icon-block\"><div class=\"ult-timeline-icon tl-icon-no-bg\" style=\"   \"><\/div> <!-- icon --><\/div><div class=\"timeline-header-block\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"timeline-item-5517\" class=\"timeline-header\" style=\"\"><h3 class=\"ult-timeline-title ult-responsive\"  data-ultimate-target='#timeline-item-5517 .ult-timeline-title'  data-responsive-json-new='{\"font-size\":\"desktop:30px;\",\"line-height\":\"desktop:28px;\"}'  style=\"font-family:&#039;Roboto&#039;;font-weight:500;color:#fd6602;\">1968 \/\/ Light<\/h3><div class=\"ult-responsive timeline-item-spt\"  data-ultimate-target='#timeline-item-5517 .timeline-item-spt'  data-responsive-json-new='{\"font-size\":\"desktop:16px;\",\"line-height\":\"desktop:28px;\"}'  style=\"font-family:&#039;Roboto&#039;;font-weight:300;color:#000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">Residents demand the right to the legalization of electricity, challenging the city\u2019s Light Commission, which holds a monopoly over Rio\u2019s production and distribution of electricity.<\/span><\/div><\/div> <!-- header --><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-block \"><div class=\"timeline-dot\"><\/div><div class=\"ult-timeline-arrow\"><s><\/s><l><\/l><\/div><div class=\"timeline-icon-block\"><div class=\"ult-timeline-icon tl-icon-no-bg\" style=\"   \"><\/div> <!-- icon --><\/div><div class=\"timeline-header-block\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"timeline-item-7894\" class=\"timeline-header\" style=\"\"><h3 class=\"ult-timeline-title ult-responsive\"  data-ultimate-target='#timeline-item-7894 .ult-timeline-title'  data-responsive-json-new='{\"font-size\":\"desktop:30px;\",\"line-height\":\"desktop:28px;\"}'  style=\"font-family:&#039;Roboto&#039;;font-weight:500;color:#fd6602;\">1966 \/\/ Landslides<\/h3><div class=\"ult-responsive timeline-item-spt\"  data-ultimate-target='#timeline-item-7894 .timeline-item-spt'  data-responsive-json-new='{\"font-size\":\"desktop:16px;\",\"line-height\":\"desktop:28px;\"}'  style=\"font-family:&#039;Roboto&#039;;font-weight:300;color:#000000;\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">Summer rainstorms ravage areas across the city. In Rocinha, landslides kill numerous people, destroy families\u2019 homes and belongings, and cause displacements and removals. Environmental tragedy also occurs in 1967, 1996 and 2010.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/div><\/div> <!-- header --><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-block \"><div class=\"timeline-dot\"><\/div><div class=\"ult-timeline-arrow\"><s><\/s><l><\/l><\/div><div class=\"timeline-icon-block\"><div class=\"ult-timeline-icon tl-icon-no-bg\" style=\"   \"><\/div> <!-- icon --><\/div><div class=\"timeline-header-block\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"timeline-item-6797\" class=\"timeline-header\" style=\"\"><h3 class=\"ult-timeline-title ult-responsive\"  data-ultimate-target='#timeline-item-6797 .ult-timeline-title'  data-responsive-json-new='{\"font-size\":\"desktop:30px;\",\"line-height\":\"desktop:28px;\"}'  style=\"font-family:&#039;Roboto&#039;;font-weight:500;color:#fd6602;\">1964 \/\/ Neighborhood of the displaced<\/h3><div class=\"ult-responsive timeline-item-spt\"  data-ultimate-target='#timeline-item-6797 .timeline-item-spt'  data-responsive-json-new='{\"font-size\":\"desktop:16px;\",\"line-height\":\"desktop:28px;\"}'  style=\"font-family:&#039;Roboto&#039;;font-weight:300;color:#000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">Construction begins on the planned neighborhood Cidade de Deus (City of God), in Rio de Janeiro\u2019s West Zone, in order to house the people removed from different favelas across the city. Many Rocinha residents will be removed and resettled in Cidade de Deus.<\/span><\/div><\/div> <!-- header --><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-feature-item feat-item  \"><div class=\"feat-dot \"><div class=\"timeline-dot\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"ult-timeline-arrow \"><s><\/s><l><\/l><\/div><div class=\"timeline-icon-block\"><div class=\"ult-timeline-icon tl-icon-no-bg\" style=\"   \"><\/div> <!-- icon --><\/div><div class=\"timeline-header-block\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-header\" id=\"timeline-featured-9368\"  style=\"\"><h3 class=\"ult-timeline-title ult-responsive\"   data-ultimate-target='#timeline-featured-9368 .ult-timeline-title'  data-responsive-json-new='{\"font-size\":\"desktop:30px;\",\"line-height\":\"desktop:28px;\"}'  style=\"font-family:&#039;Roboto&#039;;font-weight:500;color:#fd6602;\">1961 \/\/ Residents\u2019 association<\/h3><div class=\"ult-responsive custom-lht\"  data-ultimate-target='#timeline-featured-9368 .custom-lht'  data-responsive-json-new='{\"font-size\":\"desktop:16px;\",\"line-height\":\"desktop:28px;\"}'  style=\"font-family:&#039;Roboto&#039;;font-weight:300;color:#000000;\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">The Pro-Improvement Union of Rocinha Residents (UPMMR), the first residents\u2019 association in the favela, is founded in the Largo do Boiadeiro subregion in lower Rocinha. The institution will halt its activities during the military dictatorship.<\/p>\n<p><\/div><\/div> <!-- header --><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-wrapper \"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"timeline-seperator-6722\" class=\"timeline-separator-text \" data-sep-col=\"#ffffff\" data-sep-bg-col=\"\"><span class=\"sep-text ult-responsive\"  data-ultimate-target='#timeline-seperator-6722 .sep-text'  data-responsive-json-new='{\"font-size\":\"desktop:30px;\",\"line-height\":\"desktop:28px;\"}'  style=\"color:#ffffff;border-style:solid;border-color:#fd6602;border-width:3px;border-radius:0px;font-family:&#039;Roboto&#039;;font-weight:500;\">First half of the 20th century<\/span><\/div><div class=\"timeline-wrapper \"><div class=\"timeline-block \"><div class=\"timeline-dot\"><\/div><div class=\"ult-timeline-arrow\"><s><\/s><l><\/l><\/div><div class=\"timeline-icon-block\"><div class=\"ult-timeline-icon tl-icon-no-bg\" style=\"   \"><\/div> <!-- icon --><\/div><div class=\"timeline-header-block\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"timeline-item-5565\" class=\"timeline-header\" style=\"\"><h3 class=\"ult-timeline-title ult-responsive\"  data-ultimate-target='#timeline-item-5565 .ult-timeline-title'  data-responsive-json-new='{\"font-size\":\"desktop:30px;\",\"line-height\":\"desktop:28px;\"}'  style=\"font-family:&#039;Roboto&#039;;font-weight:500;color:#fd6602;\">1947 and 1949 \/\/ Le\u00e3o XIII (Leo XIII) and ASPA<\/h3><div class=\"ult-responsive timeline-item-spt\"  data-ultimate-target='#timeline-item-5565 .timeline-item-spt'  data-responsive-json-new='{\"font-size\":\"desktop:16px;\",\"line-height\":\"desktop:28px;\"}'  style=\"font-family:&#039;Roboto&#039;;font-weight:300;color:#000000;\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">The Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Le\u00e3o XIII (Leo XIII Foundation), a Catholic group, installs itself in Rocinha and begins offering assistance and social services to residents. Another Catholic organization, ASPA, develops social, cultural, and religious programs, including a community daycare.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/div><\/div> <!-- header --><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-block \"><div class=\"timeline-dot\"><\/div><div class=\"ult-timeline-arrow\"><s><\/s><l><\/l><\/div><div class=\"timeline-icon-block\"><div class=\"ult-timeline-icon tl-icon-no-bg\" style=\"   \"><\/div> <!-- icon --><\/div><div class=\"timeline-header-block\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"timeline-item-5779\" class=\"timeline-header\" style=\"\"><h3 class=\"ult-timeline-title ult-responsive\"  data-ultimate-target='#timeline-item-5779 .ult-timeline-title'  data-responsive-json-new='{\"font-size\":\"desktop:30px;\",\"line-height\":\"desktop:28px;\"}'  style=\"font-family:&#039;Roboto&#039;;font-weight:500;color:#fd6602;\">1944 \/\/ Expropriation<\/h3><div class=\"ult-responsive timeline-item-spt\"  data-ultimate-target='#timeline-item-5779 .timeline-item-spt'  data-responsive-json-new='{\"font-size\":\"desktop:16px;\",\"line-height\":\"desktop:28px;\"}'  style=\"font-family:&#039;Roboto&#039;;font-weight:300;color:#000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">The Di\u00e1rio Oficial (Official Gazette) expropriates the region of Rocinha. This decision will be reversed the following year.<\/span><\/div><\/div> <!-- header --><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-feature-item feat-item  \"><div class=\"feat-dot \"><div class=\"timeline-dot\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"ult-timeline-arrow \"><s><\/s><l><\/l><\/div><div class=\"timeline-icon-block\"><div class=\"ult-timeline-icon tl-icon-no-bg\" style=\"   \"><\/div> <!-- icon --><\/div><div class=\"timeline-header-block\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-header\" id=\"timeline-featured-1303\"  style=\"\"><h3 class=\"ult-timeline-title ult-responsive\"   data-ultimate-target='#timeline-featured-1303 .ult-timeline-title'  data-responsive-json-new='{\"font-size\":\"desktop:30px;\",\"line-height\":\"desktop:28px;\"}'  style=\"font-family:&#039;Roboto&#039;;font-weight:500;color:#fd6602;\">Anos 40 \/\/ Settlement and migration<\/h3><div class=\"ult-responsive custom-lht\"  data-ultimate-target='#timeline-featured-1303 .custom-lht'  data-responsive-json-new='{\"font-size\":\"desktop:16px;\",\"line-height\":\"desktop:28px;\"}'  style=\"font-family:&#039;Roboto&#039;;font-weight:300;color:#000000;\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-55927 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/memoriarocinha.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/anos-40.jpg\" width=\"1096\" height=\"500\" srcset=\"https:\/\/memoriarocinha.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/anos-40.jpg 1096w, https:\/\/memoriarocinha.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/anos-40-300x137.jpg 300w, https:\/\/memoriarocinha.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/anos-40-768x350.jpg 768w, https:\/\/memoriarocinha.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/anos-40-1024x467.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/memoriarocinha.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/anos-40-31x14.jpg 31w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1096px) 100vw, 1096px\" \/><em>(Os Retirantes by C\u00e2ndido Portinari, 1944. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.doispensamentos.com.br\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/03\/retirantes.jpg\"><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">Via<\/span><\/a>)<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">With improvements to the Estrada da G\u00e1vea (G\u00e1vea Highway) and beginning with the land allotments, many people begin to occupy plots of land in Rocinha, which they claim are \u201cownerless\u201d or property of the government. Rio de Janeiro receives an enormous number of migrants from Brazil\u2019s Southeast and Northeast, in addition to those from the interior of Rio de Janeiro state. Rocinha is highly sought after due to its location and the ample job opportunities in the surrounding area. Most of Rocinha\u2019s dwellings are wooden huts, many of them built overnight.<\/p>\n<p><\/div><\/div> <!-- header --><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-wrapper \"><div class=\"timeline-block \"><div class=\"timeline-dot\"><\/div><div class=\"ult-timeline-arrow\"><s><\/s><l><\/l><\/div><div class=\"timeline-icon-block\"><div class=\"ult-timeline-icon tl-icon-no-bg\" style=\"   \"><\/div> <!-- icon --><\/div><div class=\"timeline-header-block\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"timeline-item-2078\" class=\"timeline-header\" style=\"\"><h3 class=\"ult-timeline-title ult-responsive\"  data-ultimate-target='#timeline-item-2078 .ult-timeline-title'  data-responsive-json-new='{\"font-size\":\"desktop:30px;\",\"line-height\":\"desktop:28px;\"}'  style=\"font-family:&#039;Roboto&#039;;font-weight:500;color:#fd6602;\">1938 \/\/ Nossa Senhora da Boa Viagem (Our Lady of the Good Journey)<\/h3><div class=\"ult-responsive timeline-item-spt\"  data-ultimate-target='#timeline-item-2078 .timeline-item-spt'  data-responsive-json-new='{\"font-size\":\"desktop:16px;\",\"line-height\":\"desktop:28px;\"}'  style=\"font-family:&#039;Roboto&#039;;font-weight:300;color:#000000;\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">The Castro de Guidon family donates a plot of land in Rocinha to the Nossa Senhora de Paz Church in Ipanema. The friar Pedro Sinzig decides to build the chapel and school Nossa Senhora da Boa Viagem (Our Lady of the Good Journey), which comes to offer medical and psychological assistance to residents.<\/p>\n<p><\/div><\/div> <!-- header --><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-block \"><div class=\"timeline-dot\"><\/div><div class=\"ult-timeline-arrow\"><s><\/s><l><\/l><\/div><div class=\"timeline-icon-block\"><div class=\"ult-timeline-icon tl-icon-no-bg\" style=\"   \"><\/div> <!-- icon --><\/div><div class=\"timeline-header-block\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"timeline-item-2402\" class=\"timeline-header\" style=\"\"><h3 class=\"ult-timeline-title ult-responsive\"  data-ultimate-target='#timeline-item-2402 .ult-timeline-title'  data-responsive-json-new='{\"font-size\":\"desktop:30px;\",\"line-height\":\"desktop:28px;\"}'  style=\"font-family:&#039;Roboto&#039;;font-weight:500;color:#fd6602;\">1933 \/\/ 1,447 huts<\/h3><div class=\"ult-responsive timeline-item-spt\"  data-ultimate-target='#timeline-item-2402 .timeline-item-spt'  data-responsive-json-new='{\"font-size\":\"desktop:16px;\",\"line-height\":\"desktop:28px;\"}'  style=\"font-family:&#039;Roboto&#039;;font-weight:300;color:#000000;\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">The first census documents 5,910 buildings in the constituency of G\u00e1vea. Of these, 1,447 are huts in Rocinha. The favela is still rural in appearance, with scattered homes made of wood or earth.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/div><\/div> <!-- header --><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-block \"><div class=\"timeline-dot\"><\/div><div class=\"ult-timeline-arrow\"><s><\/s><l><\/l><\/div><div class=\"timeline-icon-block\"><div class=\"ult-timeline-icon tl-icon-no-bg\" style=\"   \"><\/div> <!-- icon --><\/div><div class=\"timeline-header-block\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"timeline-item-2450\" class=\"timeline-header\" style=\"\"><h3 class=\"ult-timeline-title ult-responsive\"  data-ultimate-target='#timeline-item-2450 .ult-timeline-title'  data-responsive-json-new='{\"font-size\":\"desktop:30px;\",\"line-height\":\"desktop:28px;\"}'  style=\"font-family:&#039;Roboto&#039;;font-weight:500;color:#fd6602;\">1930 \/\/ Change of command<\/h3><div class=\"ult-responsive timeline-item-spt\"  data-ultimate-target='#timeline-item-2450 .timeline-item-spt'  data-responsive-json-new='{\"font-size\":\"desktop:16px;\",\"line-height\":\"desktop:28px;\"}'  style=\"font-family:&#039;Roboto&#039;;font-weight:300;color:#000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">The Castro de Guid\u00e3o bank declares bankruptcy and the Cristo Redentor Company, owned by Hermando Barcellos, assumes management of the land in Rocinha.<\/span><\/div><\/div> <!-- header --><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-block \"><div class=\"timeline-dot\"><\/div><div class=\"ult-timeline-arrow\"><s><\/s><l><\/l><\/div><div class=\"timeline-icon-block\"><div class=\"ult-timeline-icon tl-icon-no-bg\" style=\"   \"><\/div> <!-- icon --><\/div><div class=\"timeline-header-block\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"timeline-item-2262\" class=\"timeline-header\" style=\"\"><h3 class=\"ult-timeline-title ult-responsive\"  data-ultimate-target='#timeline-item-2262 .ult-timeline-title'  data-responsive-json-new='{\"font-size\":\"desktop:30px;\",\"line-height\":\"desktop:28px;\"}'  style=\"font-family:&#039;Roboto&#039;;font-weight:500;color:#fd6602;\">1930 \/\/ The \u201cbaratinhas\u201d (\u201clittle cockroaches\u201d)<\/h3><div class=\"ult-responsive timeline-item-spt\"  data-ultimate-target='#timeline-item-2262 .timeline-item-spt'  data-responsive-json-new='{\"font-size\":\"desktop:16px;\",\"line-height\":\"desktop:28px;\"}'  style=\"font-family:&#039;Roboto&#039;;font-weight:300;color:#000000;\"><iframe src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/-DJSnuij01I?rel=0\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Paved and illuminated by streetlights, the Estrada da G\u00e1vea (G\u00e1vea Highway) comes to compose part of the G\u00e1vea Circuit, an automobile racecourse. The racecars are nicknamed \u201cbaratinhas,\u201d or \u201clittle cockroaches.\u201d The S-curve in Rocinha is considered one of the most dangerous curves in the world of automobile racing.<\/p>\n<p><\/div><\/div> <!-- header --><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-block \"><div class=\"timeline-dot\"><\/div><div class=\"ult-timeline-arrow\"><s><\/s><l><\/l><\/div><div class=\"timeline-icon-block\"><div class=\"ult-timeline-icon tl-icon-no-bg\" style=\"   \"><\/div> <!-- icon --><\/div><div class=\"timeline-header-block\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"timeline-item-5379\" class=\"timeline-header\" style=\"\"><h3 class=\"ult-timeline-title ult-responsive\"  data-ultimate-target='#timeline-item-5379 .ult-timeline-title'  data-responsive-json-new='{\"font-size\":\"desktop:30px;\",\"line-height\":\"desktop:28px;\"}'  style=\"font-family:&#039;Roboto&#039;;font-weight:500;color:#fd6602;\">1920 a 1937 \/\/ Irregular land allotment<\/h3><div class=\"ult-responsive timeline-item-spt\"  data-ultimate-target='#timeline-item-5379 .timeline-item-spt'  data-responsive-json-new='{\"font-size\":\"desktop:16px;\",\"line-height\":\"desktop:28px;\"}'  style=\"font-family:&#039;Roboto&#039;;font-weight:300;color:#000000;\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-55804 size-large\" src=\"http:\/\/memoriarocinha.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/loteamento-1024x807.jpg\" width=\"840\" height=\"662\" srcset=\"https:\/\/memoriarocinha.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/loteamento-1024x807.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/memoriarocinha.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/loteamento-300x236.jpg 300w, https:\/\/memoriarocinha.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/loteamento-768x605.jpg 768w, https:\/\/memoriarocinha.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/loteamento-31x24.jpg 31w, https:\/\/memoriarocinha.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/loteamento.jpg 4381w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 840px) 100vw, 840px\" \/><em>(Map via Museu Sankofa archive)<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Neglecting to build the minimal infrastructure required by City Hall, the Castro de Guidon family sells plots of land to low-income buyers. The street names designated during the land allotment give origin to the modern-day regions of Rua Um, Rua Dois, Rua Tr\u00eas, and Rua Quatro (Street 1, Street 2, Street 3, and Street 4).<\/p>\n<p><\/div><\/div> <!-- header --><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-feature-item feat-item  \"><div class=\"feat-dot \"><div class=\"timeline-dot\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"ult-timeline-arrow \"><s><\/s><l><\/l><\/div><div class=\"timeline-icon-block\"><div class=\"ult-timeline-icon tl-icon-no-bg\" style=\"   \"><\/div> <!-- icon --><\/div><div class=\"timeline-header-block\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-header\" id=\"timeline-featured-7047\"  style=\"\"><h3 class=\"ult-timeline-title ult-responsive\"   data-ultimate-target='#timeline-featured-7047 .ult-timeline-title'  data-responsive-json-new='{\"font-size\":\"desktop:30px;\",\"line-height\":\"desktop:28px;\"}'  style=\"font-family:&#039;Roboto&#039;;font-weight:500;color:#fd6602;\">1916 \/\/ Avenida Niemeyer<\/h3><div class=\"ult-responsive custom-lht\"  data-ultimate-target='#timeline-featured-7047 .custom-lht'  data-responsive-json-new='{\"font-size\":\"desktop:16px;\",\"line-height\":\"desktop:28px;\"}'  style=\"font-family:&#039;Roboto&#039;;font-weight:300;color:#000000;\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-56101 size-full aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/memoriarocinha.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/001ALA011004.jpg\" width=\"1096\" height=\"799\" srcset=\"https:\/\/memoriarocinha.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/001ALA011004.jpg 1096w, https:\/\/memoriarocinha.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/001ALA011004-300x219.jpg 300w, https:\/\/memoriarocinha.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/001ALA011004-768x560.jpg 768w, https:\/\/memoriarocinha.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/001ALA011004-1024x747.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/memoriarocinha.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/001ALA011004-31x23.jpg 31w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1096px) 100vw, 1096px\" \/><br \/>\n<em>(Foto via acervo IMS)<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Using his own funds, the engineer Conrado Jacob Niemeyer builds Avenida Niemeyer: a dirt road just over five kilometers long, without protecting walls, linking Leblon and S\u00e3o Conrado.<\/p>\n<p><\/div><\/div> <!-- header --><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-wrapper \"><div class=\"timeline-block \"><div class=\"timeline-dot\"><\/div><div class=\"ult-timeline-arrow\"><s><\/s><l><\/l><\/div><div class=\"timeline-icon-block\"><div class=\"ult-timeline-icon tl-icon-no-bg\" style=\"   \"><\/div> <!-- icon --><\/div><div class=\"timeline-header-block\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"timeline-item-7798\" class=\"timeline-header\" style=\"\"><h3 class=\"ult-timeline-title ult-responsive\"  data-ultimate-target='#timeline-item-7798 .ult-timeline-title'  data-responsive-json-new='{\"font-size\":\"desktop:30px;\",\"line-height\":\"desktop:28px;\"}'  style=\"font-family:&#039;Roboto&#039;;font-weight:500;color:#fd6602;\">1910 \/\/ Fazenda Quebra-Cangalha (Quebra-Cangalha Farm)<\/h3><div class=\"ult-responsive timeline-item-spt\"  data-ultimate-target='#timeline-item-7798 .timeline-item-spt'  data-responsive-json-new='{\"font-size\":\"desktop:16px;\",\"line-height\":\"desktop:28px;\"}'  style=\"font-family:&#039;Roboto&#039;;font-weight:300;color:#000000;\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">The farmer Manoel Fernandes Cortinhas sells the Quebra-Cangalha Farm to Luiz Catanhede in order to settle a debt owed to the Castro de Guid\u00e3o bank. The farm, which produces coffee, cattle, and sugarcane, extends all the way from Alto da G\u00e1vea to S\u00e3o Conrado, including all of what is now Rocinha. The farm is then acquired by the Castro de Guidon Real Estate Company, owned by a family of Portuguese origin.<\/p>\n<p><\/div><\/div> <!-- header --><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-block \"><div class=\"timeline-dot\"><\/div><div class=\"ult-timeline-arrow\"><s><\/s><l><\/l><\/div><div class=\"timeline-icon-block\"><div class=\"ult-timeline-icon tl-icon-no-bg\" style=\"   \"><\/div> <!-- icon --><\/div><div class=\"timeline-header-block\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"timeline-item-8594\" class=\"timeline-header\" style=\"\"><h3 class=\"ult-timeline-title ult-responsive\"  data-ultimate-target='#timeline-item-8594 .ult-timeline-title'  data-responsive-json-new='{\"font-size\":\"desktop:30px;\",\"line-height\":\"desktop:28px;\"}'  style=\"font-family:&#039;Roboto&#039;;font-weight:500;color:#fd6602;\">1900 \/\/ Industrial G\u00e1vea<\/h3><div class=\"ult-responsive timeline-item-spt\"  data-ultimate-target='#timeline-item-8594 .timeline-item-spt'  data-responsive-json-new='{\"font-size\":\"desktop:16px;\",\"line-height\":\"desktop:28px;\"}'  style=\"font-family:&#039;Roboto&#039;;font-weight:300;color:#000000;\">The neighborhood is transformed by the arrival of the textile and shoe industries. Many workers begin to occupy free housing in the areas surrounding the factories. Read more\u00a0<span style=\"color: #ff6600;\"><a style=\"color: #ff6600;\" href=\"https:\/\/recantodasacacias.wordpress.com\/2011\/07\/17\/a-historia-da-gavea\/\" target=\"_blank\">here<\/a><\/span> (in portuguese).<\/div><\/div> <!-- header --><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-feature-item feat-item  \"><div class=\"feat-dot \"><div class=\"timeline-dot\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"ult-timeline-arrow \"><s><\/s><l><\/l><\/div><div class=\"timeline-icon-block\"><div class=\"ult-timeline-icon tl-icon-no-bg\" style=\"   \"><\/div> <!-- icon --><\/div><div class=\"timeline-header-block\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-header\" id=\"timeline-featured-9914\"  style=\"\"><h3 class=\"ult-timeline-title ult-responsive\"   data-ultimate-target='#timeline-featured-9914 .ult-timeline-title'  data-responsive-json-new='{\"font-size\":\"desktop:30px;\",\"line-height\":\"desktop:28px;\"}'  style=\"font-family:&#039;Roboto&#039;;font-weight:500;color:#fd6602;\">Beginning of the 20th century \u2013 Rocinha or Russinha?<\/h3><div class=\"ult-responsive custom-lht\"  data-ultimate-target='#timeline-featured-9914 .custom-lht'  data-responsive-json-new='{\"font-size\":\"desktop:16px;\",\"line-height\":\"desktop:28px;\"}'  style=\"font-family:&#039;Roboto&#039;;font-weight:300;color:#000000;\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">The origins of the favela\u2019s name are uncertain. Some say that peasants who worked on small farms in Alto da G\u00e1vea used to sell vegetables at the market in G\u00e1vea and tell people that their crops came from the \u201crocinha\u201d (little farm). Others say that there was a beautiful blonde woman who lived in the region of the Quebra-Cangalha Farm and was known as \u201cRussinha\u201d (Little Russian).<\/p>\n<p><\/div><\/div> <!-- header --><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-wrapper \"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"timeline-seperator-7415\" class=\"timeline-separator-text \" data-sep-col=\"#ffffff\" data-sep-bg-col=\"\"><span class=\"sep-text ult-responsive\"  data-ultimate-target='#timeline-seperator-7415 .sep-text'  data-responsive-json-new='{\"font-size\":\"desktop:30px;\",\"line-height\":\"desktop:28px;\"}'  style=\"color:#ffffff;border-style:solid;border-color:#fd6602;border-width:3px;border-radius:0px;font-family:&#039;Roboto&#039;;font-weight:500;\">Pre 20th century<\/span><\/div><div class=\"timeline-wrapper \"><div class=\"timeline-block \"><div class=\"timeline-dot\"><\/div><div class=\"ult-timeline-arrow\"><s><\/s><l><\/l><\/div><div class=\"timeline-icon-block\"><div class=\"ult-timeline-icon tl-icon-no-bg\" style=\"   \"><\/div> <!-- icon --><\/div><div class=\"timeline-header-block\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"timeline-item-4525\" class=\"timeline-header\" style=\"\"><h3 class=\"ult-timeline-title ult-responsive\"  data-ultimate-target='#timeline-item-4525 .ult-timeline-title'  data-responsive-json-new='{\"font-size\":\"desktop:30px;\",\"line-height\":\"desktop:28px;\"}'  style=\"font-family:&#039;Roboto&#039;;font-weight:500;color:#fd6602;\">1890 \/\/ Population growth<\/h3><div class=\"ult-responsive timeline-item-spt\"  data-ultimate-target='#timeline-item-4525 .timeline-item-spt'  data-responsive-json-new='{\"font-size\":\"desktop:16px;\",\"line-height\":\"desktop:28px;\"}'  style=\"font-family:&#039;Roboto&#039;;font-weight:300;color:#000000;\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">The abolition of slavery in 1888 and the expansion of transportation systems increase the flow of migrants arriving in G\u00e1vea and Alto da G\u00e1vea, where a vast settlement of huts begins to materialize.<\/p>\n<p><\/div><\/div> <!-- header --><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-block \"><div class=\"timeline-dot\"><\/div><div class=\"ult-timeline-arrow\"><s><\/s><l><\/l><\/div><div class=\"timeline-icon-block\"><div class=\"ult-timeline-icon tl-icon-no-bg\" style=\"   \"><\/div> <!-- icon --><\/div><div class=\"timeline-header-block\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"timeline-item-2744\" class=\"timeline-header\" style=\"\"><h3 class=\"ult-timeline-title ult-responsive\"  data-ultimate-target='#timeline-item-2744 .ult-timeline-title'  data-responsive-json-new='{\"font-size\":\"desktop:30px;\",\"line-height\":\"desktop:28px;\"}'  style=\"font-family:&#039;Roboto&#039;;font-weight:500;color:#fd6602;\">Before 1888 \/\/ The quilombos <\/h3><div class=\"ult-responsive timeline-item-spt\"  data-ultimate-target='#timeline-item-2744 .timeline-item-spt'  data-responsive-json-new='{\"font-size\":\"desktop:16px;\",\"line-height\":\"desktop:28px;\"}'  style=\"font-family:&#039;Roboto&#039;;font-weight:300;color:#000000;\">Runaway slaves live together in quilombos, or fugitive communities. High-elevation parts of G\u00e1vea (what are now Dion\u00e9ia and Laboriaux) become pathways to freedom for these runaways. Many make their way to the Quilombo das Cam\u00e9lias (Camellias Quilombo), the region\u2019s largest, located in modern-day Leblon. Read more <a href=\"https:\/\/ocastromanco.blogspot.com.br\/2016\/06\/as-camelias-dos-escravos-tinir-de.html\" target=\"blank_\"><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">here<\/span><\/a> (in portuguese).<\/div><\/div> <!-- header --><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-block \"><div class=\"timeline-dot\"><\/div><div class=\"ult-timeline-arrow\"><s><\/s><l><\/l><\/div><div class=\"timeline-icon-block\"><div class=\"ult-timeline-icon tl-icon-no-bg\" style=\"   \"><\/div> <!-- icon --><\/div><div class=\"timeline-header-block\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"timeline-item-2571\" class=\"timeline-header\" style=\"\"><h3 class=\"ult-timeline-title ult-responsive\"  data-ultimate-target='#timeline-item-2571 .ult-timeline-title'  data-responsive-json-new='{\"font-size\":\"desktop:30px;\",\"line-height\":\"desktop:28px;\"}'  style=\"font-family:&#039;Roboto&#039;;font-weight:500;color:#fd6602;\">1870 to 1890 \/\/ Streetcar line extension<\/h3><div class=\"ult-responsive timeline-item-spt\"  data-ultimate-target='#timeline-item-2571 .timeline-item-spt'  data-responsive-json-new='{\"font-size\":\"desktop:16px;\",\"line-height\":\"desktop:28px;\"}'  style=\"font-family:&#039;Roboto&#039;;font-weight:300;color:#000000;\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-56105 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/memoriarocinha.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/SS7729935_7729935_8631415.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"649\" \/><\/span><em>(Map of the tram lines of the Botanical Garden Rail Road Company, see more <a href=\"http:\/\/www.sscommons.org\/openlibrary\/ExternalIV.jsp?objectId=4jEkdDAtKj41RkY6fjZ6Tn9DOHcuf1h5fQ%3D%3D\" target=\"blank_\"><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">here<\/span><\/a>)<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\"><br \/>\nThe Jardim Bot\u00e2nico Company extends the streetcar line to Alto da G\u00e1vea (Peak of G\u00e1vea). The end of the line becomes known as \u201cstreetcar turn.\u201d The installation of electric streetcars increases the flow of people in the region.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/div><\/div> <!-- header --><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-block \"><div class=\"timeline-dot\"><\/div><div class=\"ult-timeline-arrow\"><s><\/s><l><\/l><\/div><div class=\"timeline-icon-block\"><div class=\"ult-timeline-icon tl-icon-no-bg\" style=\"   \"><\/div> <!-- icon --><\/div><div class=\"timeline-header-block\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"timeline-item-3649\" class=\"timeline-header\" style=\"\"><h3 class=\"ult-timeline-title ult-responsive\"  data-ultimate-target='#timeline-item-3649 .ult-timeline-title'  data-responsive-json-new='{\"font-size\":\"desktop:30px;\",\"line-height\":\"desktop:28px;\"}'  style=\"font-family:&#039;Roboto&#039;;font-weight:500;color:#fd6602;\">1850 \u2013 Land Law<\/h3><div class=\"ult-responsive timeline-item-spt\"  data-ultimate-target='#timeline-item-3649 .timeline-item-spt'  data-responsive-json-new='{\"font-size\":\"desktop:16px;\",\"line-height\":\"desktop:28px;\"}'  style=\"font-family:&#039;Roboto&#039;;font-weight:300;color:#000000;\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-56107 size-large aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/memoriarocinha.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/1840-lei-de-terras-1024x698.jpg\" width=\"840\" height=\"573\" \/><\/span><em>(Rio de Janeiro by<br \/>\nAlessandro Cicarelli Manzoni, 1844. Via <a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Rio_de_Janeiro_by_Alessandro_Cicarelli_1844.jpg\" target=\"blank_\"><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">Wikimedia Commons<\/span><\/a>)<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\"><br \/>\nA legislative change establishes purchase as the only method of obtaining ownership of public lands, ending land tenure systems.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/div><\/div> <!-- header --><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-feature-item feat-item  \"><div class=\"feat-dot \"><div class=\"timeline-dot\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"ult-timeline-arrow \"><s><\/s><l><\/l><\/div><div class=\"timeline-icon-block\"><div class=\"ult-timeline-icon tl-icon-no-bg\" style=\"   \"><\/div> <!-- icon --><\/div><div class=\"timeline-header-block\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-header\" id=\"timeline-featured-5928\"  style=\"\"><h3 class=\"ult-timeline-title ult-responsive\"   data-ultimate-target='#timeline-featured-5928 .ult-timeline-title'  data-responsive-json-new='{\"font-size\":\"desktop:30px;\",\"line-height\":\"desktop:28px;\"}'  style=\"font-family:&#039;Roboto&#039;;font-weight:500;color:#fd6602;\">1565 \/\/ Founding of Rio de Janeiro<\/h3><div class=\"ult-responsive custom-lht\"  data-ultimate-target='#timeline-featured-5928 .custom-lht'  data-responsive-json-new='{\"font-size\":\"desktop:16px;\",\"line-height\":\"desktop:28px;\"}'  style=\"font-family:&#039;Roboto&#039;;font-weight:300;color:#000000;\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-56109 size-full aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/memoriarocinha.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/1565-Pal\u00e1cio_Pedro_Ernesto_-_Funda\u00e7\u00e3o_da_Cidade.jpg\" width=\"1096\" height=\"720\" srcset=\"https:\/\/memoriarocinha.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/1565-Pal\u00e1cio_Pedro_Ernesto_-_Funda\u00e7\u00e3o_da_Cidade.jpg 1096w, https:\/\/memoriarocinha.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/1565-Pal\u00e1cio_Pedro_Ernesto_-_Funda\u00e7\u00e3o_da_Cidade-300x197.jpg 300w, https:\/\/memoriarocinha.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/1565-Pal\u00e1cio_Pedro_Ernesto_-_Funda\u00e7\u00e3o_da_Cidade-768x505.jpg 768w, https:\/\/memoriarocinha.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/1565-Pal\u00e1cio_Pedro_Ernesto_-_Funda\u00e7\u00e3o_da_Cidade-1024x673.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/memoriarocinha.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/1565-Pal\u00e1cio_Pedro_Ernesto_-_Funda\u00e7\u00e3o_da_Cidade-31x20.jpg 31w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1096px) 100vw, 1096px\" \/><em>(Pal\u00e1cio Pedro Ernesto &#8211; Funda\u00e7\u00e3o da Cidade, 1565, via <a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Pal%C3%A1cio_Pedro_Ernesto_-_Funda%C3%A7%C3%A3o_da_Cidade.jpg\" target=\"blank_\"><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">Wikimedia Commons<\/span><\/a>)<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">After destroying a French colony in the region, Est\u00e1cio de S\u00e1 founds the city of S\u00e3o Sebasti\u00e3o do Rio de Janeiro, between the mountains Cara de C\u00e3o (Dog Face) and P\u00e3o de A\u00e7\u00facar (Sugarloaf), in what is now the Urca neighborhood. The Portuguese establish themselves in the region by exterminating the native population.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/div><\/div> <!-- header --><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-wrapper \"><\/div><div class=\"timeline-feature-item feat-item  \"><div class=\"feat-dot \"><div class=\"timeline-dot\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"ult-timeline-arrow \"><s><\/s><l><\/l><\/div><div class=\"timeline-icon-block\"><div class=\"ult-timeline-icon tl-icon-no-bg\" style=\"   \"><\/div> <!-- icon --><\/div><div class=\"timeline-header-block\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-header\" id=\"timeline-featured-9887\"  style=\"\"><h3 class=\"ult-timeline-title ult-responsive\"   data-ultimate-target='#timeline-featured-9887 .ult-timeline-title'  data-responsive-json-new='{\"font-size\":\"desktop:30px;\",\"line-height\":\"desktop:28px;\"}'  style=\"font-family:&#039;Roboto&#039;;font-weight:500;color:#fd6602;\">Pre-16th century: The Tamoio Indians<\/h3><div class=\"ult-responsive custom-lht\"  data-ultimate-target='#timeline-featured-9887 .custom-lht'  data-responsive-json-new='{\"font-size\":\"desktop:16px;\",\"line-height\":\"desktop:28px;\"}'  style=\"font-family:&#039;Roboto&#039;;font-weight:300;color:#000000;\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">The Tamoio Indians were a tribe of hunter-gatherer-fishers who lived on the northern coast of modern-day S\u00e3o Paulo state and the southern coast of modern-day Rio de Janeiro state. See more <a href=\"https:\/\/pt.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tamoios\" target=\"blank_\"><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">here<\/span><\/a> (in portuguese).<\/p>\n<p><\/div><\/div> <!-- header --><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-wrapper \"><\/div><\/div>[\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row row_height_percent=&#8221;0&#8243; override_padding=&#8221;yes&#8221; h_padding=&#8221;2&#8243; top_padding=&#8221;2&#8243; bottom_padding=&#8221;4&#8243; overlay_alpha=&#8221;50&#8243; gutter_size=&#8221;3&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243;][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243;][uncode_share layout=&#8221;multiple&#8221; bigger=&#8221;yes&#8221; no_back=&#8221;yes&#8221; title=&#8221;share&#8221;][vc_empty_space empty_h=&#8221;3&#8243;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[vc_row row_height_percent=&#8221;0&#8243; override_padding=&#8221;yes&#8221; h_padding=&#8221;2&#8243; top_padding=&#8221;3&#8243; bottom_padding=&#8221;1&#8243; overlay_alpha=&#8221;50&#8243; gutter_size=&#8221;3&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243;][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row row_height_percent=&#8221;0&#8243; override_padding=&#8221;yes&#8221; h_padding=&#8221;2&#8243; top_padding=&#8221;2&#8243; bottom_padding=&#8221;4&#8243; overlay_alpha=&#8221;50&#8243; gutter_size=&#8221;3&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243;][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243;][uncode_share layout=&#8221;multiple&#8221; [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-57493","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/memoriarocinha.com.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/57493","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/memoriarocinha.com.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/memoriarocinha.com.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/memoriarocinha.com.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/memoriarocinha.com.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=57493"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/memoriarocinha.com.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/57493\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":58524,"href":"https:\/\/memoriarocinha.com.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/57493\/revisions\/58524"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/memoriarocinha.com.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=57493"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}